Childhood Trauma and Substance Abuse in Adulthood Essays

Childhood Trauma and Substance Abuse in Adulthood By: Lauren Gonder CA 401 Child Advocacy II: Responses, Dr. Quanda Stevenson Children are precious yet pliable beings. Children develop through their experiences both physically and psychologically . These experiences calibrate the brain and the body to prepare us for the different environments we face. If a child is brought up in a home where they are constantly being abused and/or neglected, they are programed into learning to take care of themselves. Emotional problems arise when a child is faced with abuse and/or neglect. As they grow older, they may be led to become a part of a bad crowd, to feel like they are a part of something , or to self-medicate to block unwanted feelings . There has been a resurgence in the understanding of what makes a person addicted. Early childhood trauma may be the link to substance abuse in adulthood because of neurological anomalies and emotional trauma. Brain plasticity is the brain 's ability to change at any age, whether it be for the best or the worst. How the brain develops and its physical structure can be affected by one's experiences, positive or negative. Positive experiences, like a nurturing upbringing, is where a child will thrive in most conditions. Negative experiences, like abuse and/or neglect, causes elevated levels of stress and can obstruct the brain's development. Not all stress is bad, though. Our brain works like a muscle and learning requires a small amount of stress. It's when the stress is too large, too often, or too erratic for one person to control. Chil d maltreatment effects the brain's normal structure that impact cognitive, behavioral , and social attributes . Studies have proven that children who are mistreated are the causes for the high levels of stress with in turn causes disruptions in the brain's normal structure. These disruptions have bee n studied in neurological scans proving victims of trauma are vulnerable to substance abuse. Emotional or psychological trauma is a form of damage to the mind that occurs as a result of a severely distressing event. Neglect, loss of a parent, witnessing domestic violence, and having a family member who suffers from a mental illness are just a few of the occurrences that promote emotional trauma. The study of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) was studied and proven that different stress-producing experiences that occur during childhood are the explanations of substance abuse and other forms of impulsive disorders. The study calculated the amount of ACE's a person endured, and depending on the quantity of experiences, the greater the probability of becoming an alcoholic or intravenous drug user. The experiences that are extremely traumatic for children are much less traumatic for adults. Children are limited in their ability to make contextual interpretations , lack a frame of reference, and have difficulties making sense of the se experiences. Significant occurrences have a lasting effect on children and are more likely to linger. Children are supposed to be able to rely on their loved ones for support, but when a child's loved ones are the center of the abuse, neglect, or other trauma, family support is not an option. When a person is faced with a difficult situation and has no one to turn to, they will use alcohol or drugs to lessen the effects of being victimized. Self-medication is also modeled from a potential family member' s substance abuse. Having a substance abuse problem on top of early traumatic events only makes recovery that much harder. Having a working knowledge of the events that lead up to substance abuse can better assist medical professionals in the recovery of these dual-disorders. In addition, knowing that early childhood traumatic experiences provoke substance abuse and other reckless addictions, the federal and state institutions, and society as a whole, can work towards preventing child maltreatment. Parents need to be aware of their stresses in knowing that they can be the defining factor in how their child's brain develops. Putting a stop to child maltreatment can reduce the amount of people who develop substance abuse disorders and in turn reduce other contributing factors that hinder society. Bibliography BIBLIOGRAPHY Felitti, V. J. (2004, February 16). The Origins of

The Impact Of Employee Involvement And Participation On Organization Performance The WritePass Journal

The Impact Of Employee Involvement And Participation On Organization Performance Abstract The Impact Of Employee Involvement And Participation On Organization Performance ). Forth, J. and Millward, N. (2001). â€Å"The impact of unions on pay levels in lower-skilled jobs†. National Institute Economic Review. 176, pp. 76-90. Gonzales, M. (2009). Worker’s involvement at the workplace and job quality in Europe. Edinburgh: RECWOWE Publications. Grimsrud, B, and Kvinge, T. (2010). Productivity Puzzles – should employee participation be an issue? Nordic Journal of Political Economy, 36, pp. 139-167. Guerro, S. and Barraud-Didier, V. (2004). High-involvement practices and performance f French firms. International Journal of Human Resources Management. 15(8). pp.1408-1423. Hyman, J B. Mason (1995). Managing Employee Involvement and Participation. London: Sage. Jones, D., Kalmi, P. and Kauhanen, A. (2006). How does employee involvement stack up? The effects of Human Resources Management policies on performance in retail firm. New York: Cornell University ILR School. Kanter, R. (1982). Dilemma of Managing Participation. Organizational Dynamics. (summer). pp. 5-27. Lawler, E. (1990). High Involvement Management. Participative Strategies for Improving Organizational Performance. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Marchington, M. (2005). ‘Employee involvement: Patterns and explanations’. In: (ed.) Harley, B.,   J. Hyman and P. Thompson Participation and democracy at work. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Sesil, J. (1999). The impact of employee involvement and group incentives on performance in UK high technology establishments. New Jersey: School of Management and Labour Relations.

Topic Analysis, Annotated Bibliography, and Research Paper

Topic Analysis, Annotated Bibliography, and - Research Paper Example He argues that the degraded youth express themselves creatively through Hip Hop music. The author’s claim that Hip Hop originated from the neglected and crack-infested inner cities of NY and, thus, cannot be expected to live up to the standards of Middle Class America, will form a critical part of my argument on the origins and influence of Hip Hop. Dimitriadis, Greg. Performing Identity/performing Culture: Hip Hop As Text, Pedagogy, and Lived Practice. New York: P. Lang, 2009. Print. Professor Greg Dimitriadis is an associate professor at SUNY with interests in popular culture and urban education. He critically reflects on Hip Hop’s contemporary currents and the economic, social, and cultural shifts that have influenced and been influenced by commercial Hip Hop. He concludes that these shifts in contemporary currents have a profound influence on Hip Hop fans and adherents. Using Hip Hop historical works to argue that youth fashion their notions of community on Hip Hop ideals, he argues that most urban youth have formed their notions on what America is through the depictions of Hip Hop artists from different regions. This argument will support my claims regarding the influences that Hip Hop has had on young people. Annotated Bibliography Where and how did Hip Hop originate and what influence has it had on contemporary America? Light, Alan. ... The author concludes that Hip Hop arose from aspirations of people who had little in terms of economic and social emancipation. Using vivid reviews by over 50 music and cultural critics, he argues that Hip Hop used the resources that were available to its originators, including microphones, turn tables, old records, and aspirations of success. This argument will support my research into the origins of the Hip Hop art form. Chang, Jeff. Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2011. Print. Jeff Chang is a journalist and Hip Hop critic with a range of awards for his chronicling of the early rap music scene. He focuses on the effect of youth rebellion on Hip Hop’s origin, concluding that, from its initial origins as an art form, for youth without societal support, Hip Hop has transformed American culture and politics. Based on interviews with early Hip Hop artists, the main argument proposed by the author is that Hip Hop acted as an outlet for young black youth to be heard by the society. This claim is relevant to my take on how and why Hip Hop went from music of the oppressed to the most profitable genre in America today. Brown, Adrienne. "Drive Slow: Rehearing Hip Hop Automotivity." Journal of Popular Music Studies 24.3 (2012): 265–275. Adrienne brown is an assistant professor of English literature and language, specializing in African American and American effects on cultural production in the 20th and 21st century. Her central focus here is the materialistic culture in Hip Hop and its influence on American youth, concluding that, rather than the artists, it is this materialistic culture, which speaks to the audience. The main argument is that, in Hip Hop, materialistic objects like

Ethical Dilemma Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Ethical Dilemma Paper - Essay Example This conclusion has been drawn from the fact that the parties which are involved in this situation which are that of the young child, her biological parents and foster parents are likely to experience either pain or pleasure as a consequence of the court’s decision. Such that the law’s decision in favor of the biological parents would indeed grant them with happiness however, the child who has been raised by her foster parents since infancy would not appreciate being handed over to her biological parents as this action is being taken against her will, nor would the foster parents who have showered the child with love and affection experience pleasure as a consequence of the court’s decision. On the other hand, the implementation of rule based thinking in this scenario would recommend that by adopting a reckless approach towards parenting, the child’s parents have forgone their right to establish an association with their daughter if she does not intend to do so willingly. In the given case, the young girl has accepted her foster parents as her natural parents and demanding her to change this perception would be considered unfair because her natural parent’s incompetence in failing to responsibly raise her cannot be deemed as her fault. The court’s decision in this case can be negated by relating to the case 14-year-old, Kimberly Mays who was awarded the right to choose between her biological and adoptive family (Konstan, 1994). Therefore, as the child has been returned to her natural parents against her will, then it can be stated that ethics do not support law in the given scenario as per the foundations of rule based ethics. The similarities and differences of the ethical schools which have been applied in this case are based upon their evaluation of the matter and the identification of the parties which are involved in the case. The distinction between the theoretical models however, lies in the reason behind the court’s

Mom says Patriot Act stripped son of due process, dated April 29, 2009 Research Paper

Mom says Patriot Act stripped son of due process, dated April 29, 2009 - Research Paper Example Admittedly, there are various powers given to the Federal agents under the Patriot Act. Firstly, they have the right to conduct surveillance and searches even without any probable cause to suspect criminal activity. Moreover, it is allowed to conduct searches without giving prior notice. Another serious issue is that after conducting electronic search or wiretapping, it is possible for the federal agents to secretly arrest a person and divulge no information to the family. Moreover, as McNeill (2011) points out, the Act allows federal agents to keep the matter away from media and attorney for as long as charges are not brought. That means a person who is suspected of terrorist activity may lose all the rights as a citizen. Evidently, the case is interpreted to be Patriot Act case because of the nature of the case. First of all, it was a bomb threat and the medium was internet calls. It is the Patriot Act that gave federal agents the right to search electronic communication, and arres t and retain people without disclosing the matter. In the case of Ashton Lundeby, the federal agents allegedly gave no information to the family or media. Moreover, there was no legal representation allowed. Thus, the case is interpreted as a Patriot Act case. ... For example, if the situation involves a bomb threat by a student against a school, the case is supposed to be deferred to the State or local authorities. Furthermore, it is pointed out that investigations as provided under Section 844(e) do not need to be initiated if a pattern or plan for the offense does not exist. Thus, it becomes evident that the case does not need to be treated under Patriot Act. Evidently, any law like the Patriot Act will have a very negative impact on the quality of civil rights in a nation like America. This is so because the Patriot Act has provided the federal agents the right to look into the private lives of people and listen to everything they communicate. Moreover, it is seen that instead of addressing real terrorism, this new step has touched every sphere of life and protest, and affected areas like freedom of association, freedom of information, freedom of speech, right to legal representation, freedom from unreasonable searches, right to a public t rial, and right to liberty. However, the problem with the new step, according to SNR Denton report (n.d.), is that the government has not so far proved that these initiatives are useful in preventing terrorism. Admittedly, it is not possible to counter terrorism without introducing stringent laws. Secondly, though the search by federal agencies intrude privacy, it is better to have ones privacy taken away by the government than by terrorists. Moreover, as Brawley and Perekrestov (n.d.) argue, only those who communicate something illegal need to fear the close monitoring by federal agencies. For others, it offers added sense of security and belonging. However, the present problem with the

Development Of Iago In Othello English Literature Essay

Development Of Iago In Othello English Literature Essay Iago is one of the most interesting and deeply developed characters in the tragedy Othello by William Shakespeare. Using carefully thought-out actions and words, Iago manipulates others to do things in a way that helps him and gets him to reach his aspirations. He is the driving force in this play, pushing Othello and every other character towards the tragic ending. Its first apparent that Iago is just your normal run of the mill villain but he is far more than that. Shakespeare has decided to make Iago amoral which adds a new depth to character and makes his actions even more villainous then they already were. Iago is a very smart character and this only aids him in his villainous ploy. Iago now starts revealing his plot to take down Othello. Being the intelligent character he is, Iago plays on Roderigos feelings for Desdemona and steals money from him. Thus do I ever make my fool my purse. For I mine own gained knowledge should profane if I would time expend with such a snipe but for my sport and profit. I hate the Moor, and it is thought abroad that twixt my sheets hes done my office. I know not if t be true, but I, for mere suspicion in that kind, will do as if for surety. He holds me wellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Iago sees it as wasted time and knowledge if he didnt play on Roderigo and get money from him or even use him against Othello. Iago simply sees Roderigo as just being desposable and easy to toy with; just a stepping stone down his path of greed. In this quote he also explains explains one of the major reasons why he wants the ultimate fall of Othello and how he will manipulate Othello into believing that Cassio has had an affair with Desdemona. Along with being intelligent Iago is also a quick thinker and is able to tackle just about any situation that you may throw at him. We first see this when Roderigo is livid once he finds out Iagos scheme but Iago is able to make it seem a better and calm Roderigo down. He took Roderigos anger and twisted it into a way to better along his plan. If Roderigo is blinded by anger then it wont be hard for Iago to make him believe anything. Iagos long term goal is to make Othello look bad and what better way to do that then to make him think his wife is cheating on him? He takes her by the palm. Ay, well said, whisper! With as little a web as this will I ensnare as great a fly as Cassio. Ay, smile upon her, do, I will gyve thee in thine own courtship. You say true, tis so, indeed. If such tricks as these strip you out of your lieutenantryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ By simply twisting around normal friendly actions he can make anything seem worse and that is just what he does with Cassio and Desdemonas relationship. Cassio and Desdemona are nothing more then simple friends but when Iago sees them interacting in a little more then a friendly way he thinks of a plan to make Othello believe that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio. None of this would be possible if Iago didnt talk in such natural and vindictive speech. Iago talks in a lot of prose instead verse and that makes him a little easier to understand and get his point across. He also interacts as if he is genuinely trying to help Othello but in all reality he is only helping himself and praying that everyone else will fail. These interactions with other characters have led him to be known as Honest Iago even though he has already planted the seed of tragedy in Othellos mind. Iago is a master of abusing peoples trust to gain more power and further the completion of his goals, and he does this with Othello. He keeps the characters trusting him and believing that he is there for them and helping them until it all comes back on him. Iago is able to keep Cassios trust for as long as he needs it just by doing little favors like this; guaranteeing time with Desdemona. Ill send her to you presently, and Ill devise a mean to draw the Moor out of the way, that your converse and business may be more free. In order to keep their trust he must keep doing things throughout the play for them but keep his ending goal. What appears as a friendly gesture turns into a way to bring Cassio, Desdemona, and Othello down from their high graces. Iago sets up the situation then turns around and uses Cassios good looks, and flirtatious manner with women to play on what he already installed in Othellos mind about Desdemonas fidelity. In the end of the play he completely betrays Cassio and tells Roderigo to kill him. Neither of them are useful anymore to Iago so he sees no reason to keep them around any longer. I have rubbed this young quat almost to the sense, and he grows angry. Now, whether he kill Cassio or Cassio him, or each do kill the other, every way makes my gain. Live Roderigo, he calls me to a restitution large of gold and jewels that I bobbed from him as gifts to Desdemona. It must not be. If Cassio do remain he hath a daily beauty in his life that makes me uglyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Roderigo was nothing more then a vehicle in Iagos plot and now that he is done with Roderigo there is no need to keep him around and Cassio is the likely man to kill him. Iago has already made Cassio look bad in Othellos eyes and thats all he wanted to do but to Iago he doesnt care whether Roderigo kills Cassio or Cassio kills Roderigo because either way it is good for him. In the end of it Iago has to do it himself all while keeping up his perfect image. While Iago and Bianca are helping Cassio, Iago sends off Emilia to tell Othello but in turn Emilia reveals to Othello all about how evil and vindictive Iago is. Iago kills Emilia because she is nothing more than a nuisance and is the only person that can stop him from getting what he wants, but in the end it was Iago who really stopped himself. Iagos selfishness, scheming, lying and petty revenge are what lead to the death of everything Iago once knew; even himself.

Irene Hickman’s Mind Probe Hypnosis

This book is about the various aspects regarding hypnosis. Hypnosis, the manipulation of the human mind by another entity is slowly going mainstream, reaching the people and making good use of it. It has been long ignored and now it becomes useful to professionals in treating various disorders of people. This book clearly show the different kinds of scenarios that you get when you explore a person’s mid. It also shows how to go deep into the mind in order to discover things or experiences from the past that could be hindering a person to live a normal life. Thus, it serves and benefits people by easing their mind, body and emotions. The author covers issues birth and death, problems of allergies, the use of fantasy and fact, and even treating sex problems. These issues were tackled on how the mind deals with tem, on how the subconscious mind is able to suppress these thoughts, if ever they gave the person a bad experience. This book is different from other books of the same type is that it doesn’t merely talk about how one should go back to the past and revisit his life before, but instead, to go back and be able to know the origin of a certain problem he is currently facing in the present time. The cases found in this book are all very useful and informative, wherein it describes their experiences with their subconscious, thus a very good guide for professionals and those who practice hypnosis. The author covers a wide scope in the aspect of hypnosis. It deals on how people’s fear could have its roots in the previous events in his life, wherein he suffered a great deal of pain or hardship which led to what he is experiencing now. Hypnosis touches on how to deal with one’s fears and problems primarily from recognizing them, and acknowledging its existence. I think the most effective method of the author is the allergy-suppression dialog, wherein a person who has an allergy can be hypnotized to reminisce his past life to discover the cause of the allergy. If the cause is found, the person hypnotized will be asked to go through it over and over again until he is not feeling and discomfort or fear towards the situation they had that led to the allergy. This is a very effective way in treating patients who suffer from bodily reactions without knowing the real cause. Even if they seek medical help, the medical professionals are unable to find the real cause of the allergies. This is when hypnosis is used as a means of treatment. An example of a case where a hypnosis session was used to cure an allergy problem is with a certain Marge Tellez, who suffered an abnormal response to cold water for a long time already. Any exposure to cold water was exchanged with a rather violent reaction from her body. When she drinks cold water, the inside of her mouth would swell, and when cold water touches her, her skin would become swollen and cracked, and was really very hard and painful for her. Doctors from various medical institutions were unable to cure her, and were considered a rare case. They tried to suppress her condition by giving her a daily injection of a drug, which seem to have worked a little bit. When she resorted to hypnosis, it was found out that in her past life, she had some various bad experiences with cold water. This includes a few circumstances that she was drowned or was nearly drowned. Another situation is that she was a galleon slave and fought their captain, and the most traumatic for her was a ship wreck which claimed the life of two of her kids. With those situations in hand, the hypnotist asked her again and again to describe and talk about the situations and asks her what she feels, until they reach the point that she wasn’t uncomfortable with it and that she doesn’t feel any fear of the cold water anymore (Hickman, 2002). Another case was with a certain R.S. He complained of a severe reaction of his body to cold weather. If though he wears thick layers of clothes and jackets, he would feel uneasy and uncomfortable. It was found out, using the same method of hypnosis, that in his past life, he has been lost in a blizzard in the early years of Texas and he froze to death. Another situation that sparked his fear of the cold weather is when he died from the cold during the time of the Romans and their conquests. His past life experiences were handled by the same process, through hypnosis and recognition and confrontation of the problem itself. Through confrontation, the problem was well taken care of and he eventually lost his allergy to the cold weather. It would be a very wonderful experience if you would be able to try all the possible means in acquiring a positive result, since you would know first hand which would be really be useful for you. I think the application of these methods will depend on the situation of the patient. There are some patients who have no reaction on a certain method, and if you would use another one, you would be able to obtain a result. I would prefer the process of going back to your past self in order to cure an allergy. Because of that, it enables the patient to be free of the restrictions which are brought about by the allergy he is having. If you eliminate the root, you are enabling yourself to be able to enjoy and live your life to the fullest without worrying about any allergies. It would depend on how you approach a certain problem. I wouldn’t want to avoid any of the techniques because they could have potential use to them in the near future. It will be able to teach us what we need to know and how we could go about on things. As a hypnotherapy’s practitioner, it should be known that hypnosis is very useful in relieving a person’s stress. It is a key point to have an idea as to what could be the cause of a person’s allergy. I would personally recommend the use of the process wherein you could be able to eliminate an allergy of some sort. Summary The book was able to convey a lot important aspects regarding hypnosis and being able to probe a person’s mind. It is very important so that you could be relieved of a stress or overcome a certain fear of something. Through this, man is capable of living freely, without the hindrance of theses problems, wherein man is the one that creates these problems. References: Hickman, I. (2002). Mind Probe Hypnosis   Retrieved January 20, 2007, from http://www.indiangyan.com/books/hypnosisbooks/Mind_probe_hypnosis/problem_of_allergies.shtml      

A Historical Overview of Christianity

Christianity is not one faith in its practice, but a diverse array of faiths that have evolved over two thousand years. What these faiths share in common is the central figure of Jesus Christ. In his day, Jesus was a polarizing figure.He was born and raised in the Jewish tradition, but was shunned by many when he proclaimed himself to be the long awaited messiah. How could a messiah come from such humble roots? He was not the image of the messiah most people at the time expected.For the Romans, Jesus posed a threat to their rule. Jesus never set out to upend the Roman state, but his growing popularity was seen as a threat none the less. Eventually he was arrested on trumped-up charges and brutally crucified.In the decades following his death his small group of apostles began constructing what we now know as the New Testament. They related the events of his life including the miracles he performed, his crucifixion and his resurrection. These writings were combined with the much older Jewish Torah and Talmud to form the Christian Bible of today.The Apostles also formed the early Christian church as a separate entity from traditional Judaism. In its remarkable history that church would suffer centuries of persecution then would rise to the heights of political and social power. It also would endure many splits. The largest single denomination within the Christian church is Catholicism.The Protestant Reformation of the middle ages would eventually spawn hundreds of new denominations. The history, theoretical perspectives and rites of each of these denominations differs from the others. All are ultimately focused on Jesus Christ as the savior through which man can be given eternal life in heaven.†¢ Subtopic 1: theoretical perspectives and development of the theologyTraditional Christian theology views God as a three-faceted entity. God the Father, God the son (Jesus) and God as the Holy Spirit comprise what is known as the godhead.In 675 A.D., The Council of Tr ent concluded that â€Å"Although we profess three persons we do not profess three substances but one substance and three persons (Stanford University, 2008). Judaism, by contrast, does not recognize Jesus as God. Although many first century Jews viewed Jesus as a heretic or even a false prophet, most now accept that he was a prophet but not that he was the messiah.Christianity is heavily influenced by Judaism. The books of the Torah form Christian conceptions of the beginning of the world, the sinfulness of man and the promise of a coming messiah. Jesus himself preached in the Jewish synagogues and often cited Old Testament prophecy.St. Augustine of Hippo, argued that philosophical reflection complemented theology, but only when these philosophical reflections were firmly grounded in a prior intellectual commitment to the underlying truth of the Christian faith.(Stanford University, 2008)The Jews of the first century doubted that Jesus could be the messiah that had been promised i n the book of Isaiah. He was a carpenter from humble origins. His parents were unmarried at the time Mary began pregnant with Jesus.The family faced ostracization as a result. Joseph, the baby’s earthly father, had considered sending his wife away before the baby was born. Since he and Mary had not yet had sex, Joseph suspected that the pregnancy was the result of an affair. According to the Christian bible, Joseph was convinced not to send her away by a vision from God and consultation with Jewish elders. The baby was to be the messiah born of a virgin.If the Jewish community doubted the humble beginnings of the young messiah, some of his early teachings raised even more concern. While Jesus recognized that the Jewish people were the chosen people of the Old Testament the messiah was not to be reserved to them. Jesus came to atone for the sins of all people. Those of any culture who accepted him in faith could receive this atonement.Judaism had already existed for centuries by that time. During this span of time theologians had created hundreds of specific rules regarding worship and everyday life. For many Jews piety was judged in concordance with obeying of these rules. Jesus challenged this assumption.By working on the Sabbath and performing other acts that broke the rules, Jesus sent a clear message that true faith was about much more than obeying the rules. He told the elders that they could not â€Å"earn their way† in to heaven. In doing so he challenged the well-established social order.As Jesus had faced skepticism and outright hostility, so too would the early Christian Church. Theologians such as St. Paul would face resistance from all sides. The Jews, particularly the elite classes, strongly disagreed with the proposition that Jesus was the messiah.The ruling Romans saw a threat that could erode their empire from within. There was also dissent within the early church as it struggled to find its theological underpinnings.   

Fifth Meditation essays

Fifth Meditation essays In the Fifth Meditation by Rene Descartes, he makes a case for the existence of God. He goes on to give reason to prove his argument that to exist is to believe in God for with out God we would not exist. Descartes gives the analogy of a mountain and a valley, pointing out that if a person believes that a mountain exists they cannot deny the existence of a valley, as stated in this quote: From the fact that I cannot think of a mountain without a valley, it does not follow that a mountain and valley exist anywhere, but simply that a mountain and a valley, whether they exist or not, are mutually inseparable. Descartes states the argument here, But from the fact that I cannot think of God except as existing, it follows that existence is inseparable from God, and hence that he really exists. Then he goes on to explain his reasons for the existence of God, It is not that my thought makes it so, or imposes any necessity of the thing itself, namely the existence of God, which determines my thinking in this respect. For I am not free to think of God without existence. He is saying, without God he would not exist, and if he does not exist he cannot think therefore God must exist if he has the ability to think. He supports his arguments further, as we see here, Descartes gives his conclusion, it states, I have perceived that God exists, and at the same time I have understood that everything else depends on him, and that he is no deceiver; and I have drawn the conclusion that everything which I clearly and distinctly perceive is of necessity true. He is saying, first of all, that everything that he unmistakably understands is true; he clearly understands God, therefore God exists! To support his conclusion he gives the argument, even if I am no longer attending to the arguments which led me to judge that this is true, as long as I remember that I clearly a ...

Country report of UK and petroleum industry

Country report of UK and petroleum industry PartHeadingsPagePart-AInternational trade3A1An Overview United Kingdom3A2Balance of Payment4A3Trading Relationship and Blocks6A4Major Export and Imports7A5Foreign Direct Investment8A6Tariff and Non tariff barriers8Part -BOil and Petroleum Industry9B1History, size and growth9Size10Employment11Contribution to UK's economy11Major producer and profile12B2International competitiveness13Demand Condition13Related and Supporting Industries14Factor Conditions15Firm, strategy, structure and rivalry16Part -CCulture and Business practices18United Kingdom Certain facts18C1General description19C2Business protocol and Communication.20C3Cultural DO's and Don'ts23C4Negotiation style and tactics24C5Comparison with American culture25Part-DConclusion26Exhibits -127Exhibits -228Exhibits -329Exhibits -430Exhibits -531Exhibits -632Exhibits -733References34(A)INTERNATIONAL TRADE:-(A-1) AN OVERVIEW-UNITED KINGDOM: -The Great Britain was a dominant industrial and maritime power of 19th century. The British ru led one fourth of the earth in and prior to 20th century. The present advance in literature, and democratic political system is a gifted to world by the British ruler. The United Kingdom consists of England, one sixth of island (part of Ireland) in North Sea and north western Atlantic sea. The main areas include England, Wales, Scotland, and north Atlantic islands of Wight, Hebrides and Shetland.English: EU and CIS blockThe UK is the first nation to witness industrial revolution in early 1990. The great invention of steam engine was done in England and it helped in subsequent industrialization of Britain. After World War II the United Kingdom emerged as a strong and developed economy of the world. After emergence of 25 European country as European economic union, The UK bears lot of importance in terms of international economic development, International business . The UK , a leading trading power and financial centre is one of the trillion dollars economy of western Europe. The GDP growth for UK was average 2.8% in last 5 years, it has export growth of 5.6% in last 10 years, It is ranked as number 3 in natural gas production and 10th as oil producing country with the average production of 2463 barrels/day for 2003. The Britain is worlds 4th...

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 33

Economics - Essay Example Looking at the antitrust policy, is it indeed protecting the competition or preventing it? The advantages of free competition are dissected in this paper as well. The case of the state against major gypsum board manufacturers and its various officials is an example of a successful antitrust trial case which has convicted the defendants in just nineteen weeks. Successful in the sense that antitrust cases heard after a few years are not unusual and most often, they are dismissed (Baumol & Blinder, 1998). The antitrust policy are programs created to protect small businesses by preventing monopoly in businesses as well as the engagement of big firms to â€Å"undesirable practices† (Baumol & Blinder, 1998). This policy started in1892 as an effort of the Supreme Court of Ohio to dissolve the growing monopoly of the Standard Oil Trust, thus, the term antitrust was coined (Baumol & Blinder, 1998). As a fast growing company, Standard Oil and its connected companies somehow have grown to lack confidence in the reliability of their alliance that they needed a policy to control their decisions. The policy primarily aims to foster competition rather than prevent it, which is a good thing as it gives equal opportunities for both big and small entrepreneurs to succeed. The gypsum board manufacturers were found to have violated this policy, killing the competition through interseller price verification. This is the practice of calling competing manufacturers to find out current prices offered to specific customers for them to fix a price on their product. Here, the manufacturers purposed to organize to a pricing scheme to control the market. One of the violations determined in this case was against section 1 of the Sherman Act which forbids all contracts, combinations and conspiracies in restraint of trade as well as the monopoly in interstate and foreign trade (Baumol & Blinder, 1998). There are four elements

Technology effects on children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Technology effects on children - Research Paper Example f the social media, which includes twitter and Face book have a negative impact on children, because they play a role in making them to waste time, and it also enables them to engage in unnecessary social interactions†. This is basically because it makes them vulnerable to criminals and pedophiles that are using the internet for purposes of taking advantage of them. However, it is important to assert that technological innovations are not used for purposes of social interactions, but it can also be used in the school environment, and educating children. For instance, the use of power point illustrations is an efficient and effective method of teaching children various concepts within the classroom set up. This paper focuses on the impact of technology on children who are between the ages of 9 to 12 years, and the ones who reside in United States. 2. Napoli (2011, p. 66) examines this debate and he asserts that, â€Å"There are people who support, and those who area against the use of technology in schools, and by children, and hence it is a controversial topic†. Those that claim that technology has a negative effect on children’s development and growth base their arguments on a number of findings, for example, anti-social behavior among children, poor anger management, health issues such as diabetes caused by obesity due to the over use of technology (Adamy &Milman, 2009). However, the opposing side bases its evidence on early knowledge development in children especially in technological fields, better coordination and quick reception and response which are better developed in children exposed to technology. Moreover, the use of technology offers children with hand dexterity, quick reasoning and critical thinking. It’s still obvious that people haven’t reached a consensus over this issue, and the society seems greatly divided over it. Philosophers have argued over the years and competed with each other in trying to establish the real position of the